Lipoprotein Heterogeneity at Birth and its Relationship with Gestational Age, Gender, and Birth Weight

Abstract

Background: Lipoprotein levels at birth are significant indications of early metabolic programming and may affect long-term
cardiovascular health. These levels are recognized to fluctuate based on parameters including gestational age, birth weight,
and, to a lesser degree, gender, illustrating the influence of intrauterine growth and development on newborn lipid metabolism.
Objective: Analyze lipoprotein heterogeneity in neonates and its correlation with gestational age, gender, and birth weight.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on neonates born at a tertiary care hospital. Cord blood samples were
obtained immediately post-delivery and assessed for lipid profile markers, including low-density lipoprotein (LDL), highdensity
lipoprotein (HDL), and triglycerides. Neonates were classified according to gestational age (preterm and term),
birth weight (low birth weight and normal weight), and sex. Statistical analysis was conducted to identify significant
differences among groups.
Results: Preterm and low birth weight neonates exhibited markedly elevated triglyceride levels and reduced HDL levels,
indicating underdeveloped lipid metabolism and compromised cardioprotective ability. Conversely, term neonates
demonstrated elevated LDL levels, signifying more advanced lipid transport systems. The disparities in lipid profiles
depending on gender were negligible and not statistically significant.
Conclusion: At birth, lipoprotein levels exhibit considerable variation based on gestational age and birth weight,
underscoring early metabolic disparities. These findings corroborate the notion of fetal programming and underscore the
significance of early detection of at-risk neonates for subsequent metabolic and cardiovascular problems.