Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research

Comparative Study of Palmar Dermatoglyphics in Vitiligo Patients and Normal Controls

U. Sujatha — 2026-04-07

Background: Dermatoglyphics is the study of epidermal ridges and the patterns formed by them during early intrauterine period. Epidermal ridges have been useful in diagnosing hereditary diseases.
Objective: To evaluate significant difference in dermatoglyphic patterns in vitiligo cases and controls.
Material and methods: The palmar prints of 100 vitiligo cases were taken from outpatient department of Dermatology, Gandhi Hospital, Secunderabad and 100 healthy controls from general population. Ethics committee clearance has been obtained. Informed consent was taken from the patients and controls. Dermatoglyphic prints were taken by the ink method of Cummins and Midlo. The prints were then subjected to dermatoglyphic analysis with the help of magnifying hand lens and ridge counting was done with the help of a sharp needle and the details were noted.
Results: There was an increased incidence in ulnar loops and decreased incidence of radial loops in vitiligo cases compared to controls. There was a decreased incidence of whorls in male cases and an increased incidence of whorls in female cases compared to controls. There was a decreased incidence of arches in both male and female cases compared to controls. There was a significant increase in the percentage of Simian line in right hand of female cases compared to controls. There was a significant decrease in the percentage of Sydney line in the right hand of female cases compared to controls.
Conclusion: At present there are very few studies on palmar dermatoglyphics in vitiligo. The present study was a small study consisting of 100 patients only. Hence its findings cannot be generalized. Further large case control studies are needed to establish the exact relation between vitiligo and dermatoglyphics.

Neonatal Hypocalcemia and its Association with Neonatal and Maternal Vitamin D Deficiency

Mohd Muthiuddin Muzammil — 2026-04-11

Background: In neonates, hypocalcaemia is a common metabolic manifestation. It is a potentially fatal condition, with reported prevalence varying according to gestational age, maternal and infant comorbidities, and perinatal factors.
Methods: All 100 new-borns admitted in the NICU, and having hypocalcaemia, defined as total serum Calcium <8mg/dl and ionic calcium <3mg/dl, during the study period, and whose parents have given informed consent
Results: The male predominance was seen in 58% and females were 42%. The male : female ratio was 1.38:1. Early onset of hypocalcaemia was seen in 83% of the cases of which Males were 59% and females were 41%. The mean gestational age was 36.27)
+ 1.99 and the mean birth weight was 2.46 + 0.65. The preterm neonates were 27 (32.53%) and term neonates were 56(67.46%)
Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency was found to be very prevalent in healthy term born infants. Vitamin D deficiency was observed in new-borns, and it was observed that this deficiency was attributed to early neonatal hypocalcaemia. However, the long-term effects of a vitamin D deficiency in childhood are unknown. The use of 25-OH cholecalciferol as a sensitive marker in both term and preterm new-borns is recommended. To prevent neonatal Vitamin D deficiency, mothers were given 1200 IU/day vitamin D supplements from the 12th gestational week to the 6th month of pregnancy.

Risk Stratification and Care Plan for Intervention Based on Indian Academy of Paediatrics Malnutrition Proactive Assessment

Puja Kumari — 2026-04-08

Background:Malnutrition continues to be a major public health concern in India, significantly contributing to childhood
morbidity, impaired physical and cognitive development, and increased mortality. Despite ongoing national nutrition
programs, early identification of at-risk children remains a challenge. The Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) has
recommended proactive assessment strategies that emphasize early screening, systematic risk stratification, and timely
intervention to address this burden effectively.
Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of IAP-based malnutrition risk stratification in identifying atrisk
children and to assess its role in guiding appropriate intervention planning in a clinical setting.
Methods:A retrospective observational study was conducted involving 250 pediatric patients assessed for nutritional
status. Data were collected from hospital records, including demographic characteristics, nutritional risk categories (low,
moderate, high), and intervention requirements. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and chisquare
tests to determine associations between variables. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results:Out of the 250 children included in the study, 40% were categorized as low risk, 35% as moderate risk, and 25%
as high risk for malnutrition. Overall, 60% of the children required some form of nutritional or medical intervention. A
statistically significant association was observed between risk category and intervention requirement (p = 0.03), with
higher-risk groups demonstrating a greater need for intervention. These findings indicate that the IAP stratification model
effectively differentiates children based on clinical need.
Conclusion:The IAP proactive malnutrition assessment model is an effective tool for early risk identification and
structured intervention planning. Its implementation in routine pediatric practice can facilitate timely management,
prevent progression to severe malnutrition, and improve overall child health outcomes.

Early-Onset Neonatal Sepsis And Its Association With Maternal Vaginal Infection

Fatima Nasir — 2026-04-13

Background: Early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) is a major contributor to neonatal morbidity and mortality. Maternal
vaginal infection is an important source of vertical transmission.
Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted on 80 term neonates born to mothers with risk factors for
vaginal infection. High vaginal swab (HVS) cultures were obtained from mothers, and neonates were evaluated using
sepsis screen and blood culture.
Results: The incidence of EONS was 37.5% (30/80). Among neonates with EONS, 96.4% had positive sepsis screen,
and 40% (12/30) had positive blood cultures. Gram-negative organisms such as Klebsiella (66.6%), E. coli (25%), and
Acinetobacter (8.3%) predominated. Significant association was observed between maternal risk factors (UTI, PROM)
and EONS.
Conclusion: Maternal vaginal infection is strongly associated with early-onset neonatal sepsis. Early screening using
HVS and neonatal sepsis screening can help reduce morbidity and mortality.

Alleviation of Sodium Arsenite Driven Antioxidant Status and Hepatotoxicity by N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC)

Moumita Dash — 2026-04-08

Arsenic has gained popularity for causing multi-organ health ailments. The probable hazardous influence of arsenic stands upon oxidative stress burden and accelerated free radical creation. The usual recovery process against arsenic toxicity has countless opposing consequences. Hence, this experiment was considered to assess the effect of NAC in arsenic imposed antioxidant status and hepatotoxicity. A total of 24 Wistar rats were arbitrarily assigned to four individual groups and the treatment protocol was sustained for 8 successive days. Here, sodium arsenite and NAC was introduced at the dose of 10mg/kg body weight and 100mg/kg body weight respectively. The hepato-renal antioxidant status, serum SGOT, SGPT, urea and creatinine level, status of pro-inflammatory cytokines and hepatic architecture were determined. Sodium arsenite exposed group manifested a remarkably high level of oxidative stress which was further evidenced by diminished antioxidant enzyme levels in hepato-renal tissues. Altered and upgraded level of SGOT and SGPT in arsenic challenged group were a hint of hepatic damage. Along with this, the disarrangement of the cellular structure noticed in hepatic architecture in arsenic exposed group supported hepatoxicity. Moreover, an advanced level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduced B-vitamins in the circulation confirmed the toxicity caused by arsenic. NAC application reserved the antioxidant status, improved B-vitamins, and additionally lessened the level of inflammation-causing cytokines and improved the regular histoarchitecture of liver in arsenic ingested animals, suggesting its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hepato-protective benefits of NAC.

Thyroid Function Profile in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study

N. Sridevi — 2026-04-22

Background: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in reproductive-age women and is frequently associated with metabolic and hormonal disturbances. Thyroid dysfunction, particularly subclinical hypothyroidism, has been reported in PCOS, but findings remain inconsistent.
Methods: This cross-sectional study included 200 women (100 PCOS and 100 non-PCOS), aged 19–25 years, from a tertiary care center. PCOS was diagnosed using Rotterdam criteria. Serum T3, T4, and TSH levels were measured using standard immunoassays. Statistical analysis included Student’s t-test, chi-square test, and Pearson correlation.
Results: Mean T3, T4, and TSH levels were identical in both groups (T3: 1.14 ng/mL, T4: 7.62 ng/dL, TSH: 2.58 mIU/L), with no statistically significant differences. Thyroid parameters showed non-normal distribution with high variability, particularly TSH. Weak, non-significant correlations were observed between BMI and thyroid hormones in both groups.
Conclusion: Thyroid dysfunction appears independent of PCOS status and BMI in young women. Similar thyroid profiles in both groups suggest a population-level burden rather than a PCOS-specific association. Universal thyroid screening is recommended.

EUS-Guided Detection of Multidrug-Resistant Shigella dysenteriae from Retroperitoneal Cyst Fluid: A Rare Gastroinfectious Entity

Sanjib Kumar Kar — 2026-04-29

Background: Shigella dysenteriae is an invasive enteric pathogen classically associated with bacillary dysentery.
Extraintestinal isolation is rare and typically occurs in immunocompromised hosts. Retroperitoneal cyst infections due
to Shigella have scarcely been reported. Emerging antimicrobial resistance among Shigella species further complicates
management.
Case Presentation: A 47-year-old immunocompetent male presented with abdominal pain and was found to have a
retroperitoneal aortocaval multiseptated cyst on imaging. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided fine needle aspiration
yielded hemorrhagic cyst fluid. Microbiological culture grew multidrug-resistant Shigella dysenteriae. Antimicrobial
susceptibility testing, interpreted according to CLSI guidelines, revealed resistance to third-generation cephalosporins
and carbapenems. The patient was treated with culture-directed therapy and improved clinically.
Conclusion: This case highlights a rare extraintestinal presentation of multidrug-resistant Shigella dysenteriae and
underscores the importance of microbiological evaluation of cystic lesions and adherence to standardized susceptibility
testing guidelines.

Assessment of Thyroid Function Among Hypertensive Pregnant Women: A Cross Sectional Study

Shiv Purari — 2026-04-28

Background: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are among the leading causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity
worldwide. Thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy has been associated with adverse obstetric outcomes including
gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. Early recognition of altered thyroid status among hypertensive pregnant
women may improve maternal and fetal outcomes.
Objective: To assess thyroid function status among hypertensive pregnant women and determine the prevalence of
thyroid dysfunction in this population.
Materials and Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Bhagwan Mahavir Institute of
Medical Sciences, Pawapuri, India, over a period of one year from February 2025 to January 2026. A total of 60
hypertensive pregnant women were enrolled. Detailed clinical history, obstetric examination, blood pressure measurement,
and laboratory investigations including serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), and free
triiodothyronine (FT3) were performed. Thyroid status was categorized according to trimester-specific reference ranges.
Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0. Statistical significance was considered at p<0.05.
Results: The mean age of participants was 27.8±4.6 years. Gestational hypertension was present in 36 (60.0%) women,
preeclampsia in 18 (30.0%), and chronic hypertension in 6 (10.0%). Thyroid dysfunction was identified in 21 (35.0%)
participants. Subclinical hypothyroidism was the most common abnormality seen in 13 (21.7%), followed by overt
hypothyroidism in 5 (8.3%) and subclinical hyperthyroidism in 3 (5.0%). Mean TSH levels were significantly higher
among women with preeclampsia compared with gestational hypertension (4.82±1.76 vs 3.11±1.28 mIU/L, p=0.002).
Higher systolic blood pressure showed positive correlation with TSH levels (r=0.42, p=0.001).
Conclusion: Thyroid dysfunction, particularly hypothyroidism, is common among hypertensive pregnant women.
Routine thyroid screening may be beneficial in hypertensive pregnancies for early diagnosis and timely management.

Assessment of Rational Antibiotic use in General Medicine Wards: a Prospective Observational Study

Dhirendra Kumar — 2026-04-28

Background: Irrational use of antibiotics is a major contributor to antimicrobial resistance (AMR), increased healthcare
costs, and adverse drug reactions. Monitoring antibiotic prescribing patterns is essential for promoting rational drug use.
Objective: To assess the rational use of antibiotics in general medicine wards of a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted over 12 months (February 2025 to January 2026) at
Bhagwan Mahavir Institute of Medical Sciences, Pawapuri. A total of 190 patients admitted to general medicine wards
and receiving antibiotics were included. Data regarding demographics, diagnosis, antibiotic prescriptions, and adherence
to standard guidelines were collected. Rationality was assessed using WHO prescribing indicators and standard treatment
guidelines. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.
Results: Out of 190 patients, 61.6% received rational antibiotic therapy, while 38.4% prescriptions were irrational. The
most common irrationalities included inappropriate drug selection (18.4%), incorrect duration (11.6%), and improper
dosage (8.4%). Third-generation cephalosporins were the most commonly prescribed antibiotics (42.1%). Culture
sensitivity testing was performed in only 36.8% cases. A statistically significant association was found between culture
testing and rational prescribing (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: A substantial proportion of antibiotic use was irrational. Strengthening antimicrobial stewardship programs
and adherence to treatment guidelines are essential to improve rational antibiotic use.

Impact of Lifestyle Modification Counseling on Hypertension Control in Opd patients: a Prospective Observational Study

Dhirendra Kumar — 2026-04-28

Background:Hypertension is a significant modifiable risk factor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality across the
globe. Lifestyle modification counseling plays a critical role in blood pressure (BP) management, especially in outpatient
settings.
Objective:To evaluate the role of structured lifestyle modification counseling on the control of blood pressure among
patients with hypertension attending the outpatient department (OPD).
Methods:This study was conducted at a tertiary care center in Bihar. A total of 130 hypertensive patients were enrolled
over a 9-month period (April 2025 to December 2025), and each participant was followed up for 3 months. Baseline
demographic, clinical, and lifestyle parameters were recorded. Patients received standardized counselling. Blood pressure
readings were recorded at baseline and follow-up visits. Statistical analysis was performed using paired t-test and chisquare
test.
Results: Mean systolic BP reduced significantly from 152.4 ± 12.6 mmHg at baseline to 136.8 ± 10.2 mmHg at 3 months
(p < 0.001). Mean diastolic BP decreased from 94.2 ± 8.4 mmHg to 84.6 ± 6.8 mmHg (p < 0.001). The proportion of
patients achieving BP control increased from 18.5% to 62.3% (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: Lifestyle modification counseling significantly improves blood pressure control in hypertensive OPD patients.
Incorporating structured counseling into routine clinical practice can enhance hypertension management outcomes.

Clinical Profile and Outcomes of Patients with Multimorbidity in Inpatient Settings: A Prospective Observational Study

Shiv Purari — 2026-04-28

Background: Multimorbidity, characterized by the coexistence of multiple chronic conditions in an individual, is increasingly recognized as a major challenge in inpatient care. It is associated with increased healthcare utilization, prolonged hospitalization, and adverse clinical outcomes.
Objective: To assess the clinical profile and outcomes of patients with multimorbidity admitted in a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at Bhagwan Mahavir Institute of Medical Sciences, Pawapuri, over 8 months (March–October 2025). A total of 72 patients with multimorbidity were included. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential tests.
Results: Mean age was 58.4 ± 12.6 years. Hypertension (68.1%) and diabetes (55.6%) were the most common comorbidities. Longer hospital stay (>7 days) was observed in 41.7% patients. Mortality rate was 11.1%. Multimorbidity count ≥3 showed significant association with adverse outcomes (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Multimorbidity significantly influences inpatient outcomes, including mortality and length of stay. Early identification and integrated management are essential.

Interleukin-6 Gene Promoter Region Polymorphism in Patients with Dilated Cardiomyopathy: A Prospective Observational Study

Shiv Purari — 2026-04-28

Background: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by enlargement of the ventricular chambers with reduced myocardial contractility, leading to impaired cardiac performance. Its pathogenesis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay between genetic susceptibility and inflammatory mechanisms. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, plays a key role in myocardial remodeling, and polymorphisms in its promoter region may influence disease susceptibility and severity.
Objective: To examine the relationship between IL-6 promoter gene polymorphism and clinical outcomes among patients with DCM.
Methods: This study was conducted at a tertiary care center inPawapuri, over 10 months (April 2025–January 2026). A total of 110 patients diagnosed with DCM were included. IL-6 promoter polymorphism (−174 G/C) was analyzed using PCR-based techniques. Clinical parameters and outcomes were recorded and statistically analyzed.
Results: The GG genotype was most prevalent (52.7%), followed by GC (34.5%) and CC (12.8%). Patients with the CC genotype showed significantly reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and higher NYHA class. The CC genotype was associated with increased hospitalization and mortality.
Conclusion: IL-6 promoter polymorphism is significantly associated with disease severity and outcomes in DCM patients, suggesting its potential role as a prognostic biomarker.

Risk Factors for Meconium Stained Liquor and Outcome of Neonate in Meconium Stained Amniotic Fluid

Richa Sulaniya — 2026-04-28

Background: Meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) is a common obstetric finding associated with increased perinatal morbidity and mortality. It may indicate fetal distress, placental insufficiency, or physiological gastrointestinal maturation in term pregnancies. Early recognition of maternal and intrapartum risk factors is important for timely intervention and improved neonatal outcomes.
Objective: To identify risk factors associated with meconium-stained liquor and evaluate neonatal outcomes among deliveries complicated by MSAF.
Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted over two years (January 2024 to January 2026) in 100 women with meconium-stained liquor during labor. Maternal demographic data, obstetric risk factors, intrapartum variables, mode of delivery, and neonatal outcomes were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 24. Chi-square test was used, and p < 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: Postdated pregnancy (32%), pregnancy-induced hypertension (18%), oligohydramnios (16%), and prolonged labor (14%) were the commonest risk factors. Thick meconium was present in 42% cases and was significantly associated with low Apgar score at 5 minutes (p=0.01), meconium aspiration syndrome (p=0.003), NICU admission (p=0.002), and cesarean delivery (p=0.02). Overall NICU admission rate was 24%, while meconium aspiration syndrome occurred in 12% neonates.
Conclusion: Meconium-stained liquor is strongly associated with postdated pregnancy and hypertensive disorders. Thick meconium significantly increases adverse neonatal outcomes. Prompt intrapartum monitoring and early neonatal resuscitation are essential to reduce morbidity.

Clinical Profile and Treatment Outcomes of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Perimenopausal Women: An Observational Study

Abha Sinha — 2026-04-08

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a common gynecological concern in perimenopausal women, significantly affecting quality of life. The etiological spectrum ranges from benign structural causes to malignancies, necessitating systematic evaluation and tailored management.
Objective: To assess the clinical profile, etiological patterns, and treatment outcomes of abnormal uterine bleeding in perimenopausal women.
Methods: This observational study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Bhagalpur, from February 2025 to January 2026. A total of 140 perimenopausal women presenting with AUB were included. Clinical data, laboratory findings, imaging, histopathology, and treatment outcomes were analyzed.
Results: The most common age group was 45–49 years (42.1%). Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) was the most frequent presentation (48.6%). Structural causes (PALM group) accounted for 61.4% of cases, with leiomyoma being predominant (32.1%). Medical management was effective in 58.6% of cases, while 41.4% required surgical intervention. Significant improvement in symptoms was observed in 87.1% of patients (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: AUB in perimenopausal women is predominantly due to benign structural causes. Early diagnosis and appropriate management lead to favorable outcomes, with individualized treatment being essential.

Cardiovascular Pathology: Biochemical Risk Factors and Diagnostic Biomarkers – A Prospective Observational Study

Puja Singh — 2026-04-08

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of mortality globally. Biochemical risk factors and diagnostic biomarkers play a crucial role in early detection, risk stratification, and management.Objective: To evaluate the association between biochemical risk factors and diagnostic biomarkers in patients with cardiovascular pathology.Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at Narayan Medical College, Jamuhar, Sasaram, Bihar, from January 25, 2025 to January 25, 2026. A total of 100 patients with suspected or confirmed cardiovascular disease were included. Biomarkers including lipid profile, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), troponin I, CK-MB, and fasting blood glucose were analyzed.Results: Elevated LDL, hs-CRP, and troponin I were significantly associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes (p< 0.05). Strong correlations were observed between inflammatory markers and disease severity.Conclusion: Biochemical markers such as lipid parameters and inflammatory biomarkers are valuable predictors of cardiovascular pathology. Early detection using these markers can improve clinical outcomes.

Association of Serum Magnesium Status and Calcium–Magnesium Ratio with Diabetic Retinopathy in an Urban Hospital of Kolkata

Saurav Dey — 2026-04-08

Background: Diabetic retinopathy is a prominent microvascular consequence of diabetes and a main cause of vision loss. Emerging data suggests that magnesium insufficiency and calcium-magnesium imbalances may play a role in its aetiology.

Methods: This study evaluated serum magnesium levels, calcium levels, and the calcium-magnesium (Ca/Mg) ratio between diabetic retinopathy patients and controls. A total of 200 patients (100 cases and 100 controls) were examined. Biochemical parameters were assessed and statistically compared, with p-values < 0.05 indicating significance.Results: Cases had considerably lower serum magnesium levels than controls, with a higher prevalence of hypomagnesemia among them. The Ca/Mg ratio was much higher in some cases, indicating a relative imbalance between calcium and magnesium. The results were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The changed mineral profile was related with a higher incidence of diabetic retinopathy.Conclusion: This study found a robust link between hypomagnesemia, an elevated Ca/Mg ratio, and diabetic retinopathy. Magnesium shortage appears to be a major factor in the development of microvascular problems in diabetes. Monitoring and adjusting magnesium levels may be a useful technique for early management and prevention of diabetic retinopathy. Additional large-scale investigations are needed to validate these findings.

Fracture Neck Femur in Adults Managed with Three Cannulated Cancellous Screws Put in Biplane Double Supported Fixation (BDSF) vs Conventional Inverted Triangle Configuration: A Comparative Randomised Control Study of the Functional Outcome

Ankit Mittal — 2026-04-08

Background and Rationale: Fracture neck of femur in the adult population constitutes a formidable orthopaedic challenge, with fixation configuration critically determining biomechanical stability and functional recovery. The Biplane Double-Supported Screw Fixation (BDSF) technique — by distributing three cannulated cancellous screws (CCS) across two anatomical planes — offers a theoretically superior load- sharing construct compared to the conventional inverted triangle arrangement. However, comparative clinical evidence in the adult age group remains limited.Aims and Objectives: To prospectively compare the intraoperative feasibility and post-operative functional outcome of BDSF versus conventional inverted triangle CCS fixation in adult femoral neck fractures using the Harris Hip Score and complication profile.Methods: In this prospective, interventional, single-centre RCT conducted at UPUMS Saifai over 18 months (June 2023–December 2024), 60 adult patients aged 18–60 years with femoral neck fractures (Pauwels I–III; closed/Gustillo Grade I) were randomized by random block technique into two equal groups: Group A (Conventional Inverted Triangle, n=30) and Group B (BDSF, n=30). Primary outcome was Harris Hip Score at 6 months. Secondary outcomes included intraoperative parameters (operative time, blood loss, fluoroscopy exposure), rehabilitation milestones, and complications (AVN, non-union, implant failure, femoral neck shortening, surgical site infection). Baseline equivalence was confirmed across all demographic and clinical variables (p>0.05).Results: Both groups were statistically comparable at baseline in age (45.33±8.21 vs. 44.87±7.92 years; p=0.826), gender, fracture laterality, mechanism of injury, Pauwels classification, and injury-to- surgery interval. Intraoperatively, fluoroscopy exposure time was significantly lower in Group B (28.07±4.36 sec vs. 35.17±5.68 sec; p<0.0001), with a trend toward shorter operative duration (50.81±9.37 vs. 55.23±10.11 min; p=0.084). Complication rates consistently favoured BDSF: non-union 0% vs. 6.67%, implant failure 6.67% vs. 16.67%, femoral neck shortening >1 cm 6.67% vs. 13.33%, AVN 3.33% vs. 6.67%, surgical site infection 3.33% vs. 10.00%, and hip stiffness 3.33% vs. 10.00%. Harris Hip Score at 6 months was excellent (90–100) in 80% of Group B vs. 60% of Group A, with treatment failure (HHS <60) entirely absent in Group B versus 6.67% in Group A.Conclusion:The BDSF technique demonstrates clear superiority over the conventional inverted triangle configuration across intraoperative efficiency, complication profile, rehabilitation parameters, and functional recovery. With a significantly reduced fluoroscopic burden, zero non-union, and superior Harris Hip Scores, BDSF is recommended as the preferred fixation strategy for femoral neck fractures in adult patients. Multicentre validation with extended follow-up is warranted to consolidate these findings.

Hematological Disorders: Biochemical Aspects and Pathological Features – A Prospective Observational Study

Puja Singh — 2026-05-06

Background: Hematological disorders encompass a wide range of conditions affecting blood cells and coagulation
mechanisms. Biochemical parameters and pathological features are essential for diagnosis, classification, and prognosis.
Objective: To evaluate the biochemical alterations and pathological characteristics associated with hematological disorders
in a tertiary care setting.
Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at Narayan Medical College, Jamuhar, Sasaram, Bihar,
from January 25, 2025 to January 25, 2026. A total of 100 patients diagnosed with hematological disorders were included.
Parameters analyzed included complete blood count (CBC), serum iron, ferritin, vitamin B12, lactate dehydrogenase
(LDH), and peripheral smear findings.
Results: Significant alterations were observed in hemoglobin, serum ferritin, vitamin B12, and LDH levels (p < 0.05).
Peripheral smear analysis revealed microcytic hypochromic anemia as the most common pattern, followed by normocytic
and macrocytic changes. Strong correlations were identified between biochemical markers and pathological severity.
Conclusion: Biochemical parameters combined with pathological evaluation provide valuable insights into hematological
disorders, aiding early diagnosis and management.