Early-Onset Neonatal Sepsis And Its Association With Maternal Vaginal Infection

Abstract

Background: Early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) is a major contributor to neonatal morbidity and mortality. Maternal
vaginal infection is an important source of vertical transmission.
Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted on 80 term neonates born to mothers with risk factors for
vaginal infection. High vaginal swab (HVS) cultures were obtained from mothers, and neonates were evaluated using
sepsis screen and blood culture.
Results: The incidence of EONS was 37.5% (30/80). Among neonates with EONS, 96.4% had positive sepsis screen,
and 40% (12/30) had positive blood cultures. Gram-negative organisms such as Klebsiella (66.6%), E. coli (25%), and
Acinetobacter (8.3%) predominated. Significant association was observed between maternal risk factors (UTI, PROM)
and EONS.
Conclusion: Maternal vaginal infection is strongly associated with early-onset neonatal sepsis. Early screening using
HVS and neonatal sepsis screening can help reduce morbidity and mortality.