HPV-Based Cervical Screening versus Conventional Cytology: Is Cytology Still Relevant Today

Abstract

Background: Cervical cancer screening has developed with the introduction of HPV testing, which has higher sensitivity than traditional cytology (Pap smear). However, the role of cytology in current clinical practice is debatable.
Methods: The retrospective study comprised 120 women who were screened over a two-year period. Data from HPV testing and conventional cytology were examined. Detection rates, sensitivity, specificity, and false-negative rates were evaluated.
Results: HPV testing was more sensitive (92%) than cytology (70%) (p=0.001), while cytology was somewhat more specific (90% vs 85%) (p=0.04). HPV discovered more CIN lesions (52 versus 34 instances). HPV testing resulted in significantly lower false-negative rates (p<0.01).
Conclusion: Although HPV-based screening is more sensitive and early, cytology is still useful due to its higher specificity. A combination strategy may result in better screening results.