A Hospital-Based Study to Estimate the Prevalence of Dry Eye and Factors Attributed to IT

Abstract

Background: Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disorder affecting the ocular surface and tear film, leading to discomfort, visual disturbance, and reduced quality of life.
Aim: To estimate the prevalence of dry eye and identify associated risk factors among patients attending a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College, Pali, over one year (2025). A total of 300 patients aged ≥18 years were included. Dry eye was diagnosed using a combination of McMonnies and HO dry eye questionnaire, Schirmer’s test, and Tear Film Break-Up Time (TBUT). Statistical analysis included chi-square test and logistic regression.
Results: The prevalence of dry eye was 16.3% (49/300). Females had higher prevalence (22.5%) compared to males (11.1%) (p=0.018). Increasing age, outdoor occupation, and environmental exposure were significantly associated (p<0.05). Mean Schirmer’s value in dry eye patients was 7.2 ± 2.1 mm, and mean TBUT was 7.8 ± 1.9 seconds.
Conclusion: Dry eye is a common yet under-recognized condition. Early detection and modification of risk factors can reduce disease burden.