Comparison of Segmental Thoracic Spinal Anaesthesia Versus General Anaesthesia in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Abstract

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is commonly performed under general anaesthesia. Recently, segmental thoracic spinal anaesthesia has emerged as a feasible alternative with potential advantages including reduced postoperative pain, nausea, and shorter recovery time.
Aim: To compare the efficacy and safety of segmental thoracic spinal anaesthesia with general anaesthesia in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Methods: This comparative observational study was conducted at Sheikh Bhikari Medical College, Hazaribagh, Jharkhand over 12 months. A total of 100 patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were included and divided into two groups: Group A received segmental thoracic spinal anaesthesia and Group B received general anaesthesia. Parameters assessed included intraoperative hemodynamics, postoperative pain, complications, duration of hospital stay, and patient satisfaction. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square test and Student’s t-test with p<0.05 considered significant.
Results: Postoperative pain scores were significantly lower in the spinal anaesthesia group compared to the general anaesthesia group (p=0.01). Incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting was lower in Group A (12%) than Group B (34%) (p=0.02). Hospital stay was significantly shorter in the spinal anaesthesia group. Hemodynamic stability was comparable between groups.
Conclusion: Segmental thoracic spinal anaesthesia is a safe and effective alternative to general anaesthesia for, offering better postoperative analgesia, reduced nausea, and shorter hospital stay.