Impact of Iron Deficiency Anemia on Hemoglobin A1c Levels in Diabetic Individuals

Abstract

Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is one of the most common hematological disorders and may influence glycemic indices such as HbA1c independent of blood glucose levels. This can affect the interpretation of diabetic status in affected individuals.
Aim: To evaluate hematological parameters and HbA1c levels among male and female patients with iron deficiency anemia and to assess gender-wise differences.
Methods: This observational study included 100 patients with iron deficiency anemia, comprising 50 males and 50 females. Hematological parameters including hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), random blood sugar (RBS), and HbA1c were analyzed. Data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation.
Results: The mean age was 55.39 ± 17.60 years in males and 57.50 ± 17.19 years in females. Mean Hb levels were 9.76 ± 2.48 g/dL in males and 9.51 ± 2.47 g/dL in females. MCV and MCH values were reduced in both groups, consistent with microcytic hypochromic anemia. Females demonstrated higher mean HbA1c levels (7.62 ± 2.50%) compared to males (6.93 ± 2.02%). Mean RBS values were also higher among females (168.50 ± 115.61 mg/dL) than males (151.70 ± 85.30 mg/dL).
Conclusion: Patients with iron deficiency anemia showed altered hematological indices and elevated HbA1c levels, particularly among females. Iron deficiency may influence HbA1c interpretation, and caution should be exercised while diagnosing or monitoring diabetes in anemic patients.