Design and Development of Cost-Effective Handmade 3D Laryngeal Models for Effective Medical Education in Low-Resource Settings

Abstract

Background: Understanding the spatial and functional anatomy of the larynx is critical for medical education and clinical procedures involving the airway, phonation and respiratory control. However, cadaveric dissection and commercially produced models are often inaccessible or unaffordable by institutions in low-resource settings. This study aimed to design and evaluate a cost-effective, large-scale handmade three-dimensional (3D) laryngeal model for undergraduate anatomy teaching. Methods: Using locally-available materials (iron mesh, wire, wood dust, adhesive, enamel paints), anatomically accurate 3D models of the human larynx were fabricated. Each model incorporated key laryngeal cartilages, membranes, folds, and intrinsic muscles, with a hinge mechanism enabling movable visualization of the laryngeal inlet. The models were used in structured anatomy sessions for undergraduate students and evaluated qualitatively based on visibility, engagement, and conceptual understanding. Results: The handmade 3D laryngeal models successfully reproduced detailed anatomical structures from multiple perspectives- superior, anterior, posterior, medial, and lateral. Enlarged model dimensions improved group visibility for up to 50 students. Students reported enhanced spatial comprehension and higher engagement compared with traditional 2D diagrams. The models were inexpensive, durable, and easy to repair, demonstrating strong applicability in low-resource educational environments. Conclusion: Handmade large-scale 3D laryngeal models provide a simple, low-cost, and educationally effective teaching tool for medical anatomy, particularly in institutions with limited access to cadaveric material or advanced simulation technology. Their implementation promotes better spatial understanding, interactivity, and procedural confidence in airway management.